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Buying a house is a goal for many Americans, but achieving that goal is becoming increasingly difficult. As housing costs climb faster than paychecks, many buyers are left wondering how far their money will really go.
As home prices and interest rates rise, the income needed for a house has also increased. The median sales price of houses sold in the United States during the second quarter of 2025 was $410,800, according to Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis data.
Buying more house than you can afford is an expensive and stressful mistake, so it’s essential to do some calculations before you start shopping for a home. As the price for even modest homes reaches the $500,000 range, let’s take a look at just how much income you need to buy a $500,000 home.
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What income realistically buys a $500,000 home
The income that you need to buy a $500,000 home will depend on many factors, including the cost of your home insurance, the size of your down payment, your interest rate and the length of your mortgage.
The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development defines affordable housing as paying no more than 30% of your gross income toward your housing costs, including utilities.
Using that rule of thumb, let’s break down a few different scenarios with the Fannie Mae mortgage calculator.
Buying a $500,000 home with 10% down:
- Home price: $500,000
- Down payment: $50,000 (10%)
- Loan amount: $450,000
- Interest rate: 6.5%
- Mortgage term: 30-year fixed
- PMI: $165
- Taxes and insurance: $833
- Principal and interest: $2,844
- Total monthly mortgage payment: $3,842
Let’s assume that the home’s utilities average $200 per month, meaning your total home’s monthly payments are $4,042.
In this scenario, you would need to earn $13,473.33 per month, or about $161,680 per year, to afford the home.
If you save up more money for a larger down payment, the figures change, since your loan balance decreases and you won’t need to pay for private mortgage insurance.
Buying a $500,000 home with 20% down:
- Home price: $500,000
- Down payment: $100,000 (20%)
- Loan amount: $400,000
- Interest rate: 6.5%
- Mortgage term: 30-year fixed
- PMI: $0
- Taxes and insurance: $833
- Principal and interest: $2,528
- Total monthly mortgage payment: $3,466
Once we add in $200 for utilities, your monthly payment is $3,666.
To afford this mortgage, your monthly income would need to be $12,220, or you’d need a salary of about $146,640.
Curious about today’s mortgage interest rates? Explore and compare some of today’s top offers with the tool below:
Why income isn’t the whole story: Other factors that affect affordability
In addition to considering your income, you’ll need to weigh how other factors can affect a home’s affordability:
- Debt load: Your existing debts, including student loans, car loans and credit card payments, impact your debt-to-income ratio. If your debt-to-income ratio is high, mortgage lenders assume more risk in lending to you and will often charge you a higher interest rate because of that risk.
- Down payment and savings: Making a larger down payment often helps you qualify for a lower interest rate because you’re less likely to default on your mortgage, reducing the lender’s risk. Saving up a larger down payment will also reduce your mortgage principal, so you’ll ultimately pay less in interest.
- Local property taxes: Local property taxes vary. If you live in an area where property taxes are high, you’ll need a higher income to be able to afford those taxes and your home.
- Homeowners insurance: Your home’s value partially affects your homeowner’s insurance rates, but other factors, like the home’s location, your policy limits, discounts you qualify for and even your past history of filing homeowners insurance claims will all affect your rates.
- HOA fees: If your home is part of an HOA, you’ll also need to budget for monthly HOA fees, which can vary significantly.
- Maintenance: Homes require ongoing maintenance, and those costs can quickly add up. State Farm recommends setting aside 1% to 4% of your home’s value each year to cover maintenance. Using that rule of thumb, you would need to set aside $5,000 to $20,000 each year for maintenance on a $500,000 house.
- Unexpected expenses: Owning a home comes with many unexpected expenses. Pest infestations or an emergency repair can cost thousands of dollars, so it’s important to have an emergency fund set aside to cover these costs.
- Interest rates and loan type: Even small changes to your interest rates and loan type can significantly affect your monthly payment. If you have a variable interest rate mortgage, your payments could fluctuate as the interest rate changes. A fixed interest rate mortgage provides you with more predictability, but if interest rates drop during your mortgage term, you’ll need to refinance your home to take advantage of those lower rates.
How to get the clearest affordability picture before you buy
Before you buy a home, it’s essential to make sure you can really afford it. Start by getting pre-approved for a mortgage to make sure that you’re likely to be able to get the loan amount you’ll need.
Just because you’re pre-approved for a mortgage doesn’t mean you can necessarily afford a mortgage of that amount, though. Consider how you’ll pay for future expenses, like repairs, homeowners’ insurance increases and potential changes in your interest rate.
Think about your long-term financial goals, too. For example, if you know you’ll be helping pay for your kids’ college educations in eight or nine years, you’ll want to make sure you don’t buy a home that’s so expensive that you’re not able to save toward that financial goal.
What it takes to afford a $500,000 home
Using the 30% rule as a guide, most buyers would need an annual income between $146,640 and $161,680 to comfortably afford a $500,000 home, depending on their down payment and monthly expenses.
While these figures can serve as a helpful benchmark, your true affordability depends on your debt load, savings, interest rate and long-term financial goals. Taking time to understand the full picture can help you make a confident, sustainable homebuying decision.
